Answer Key to Warder's 'Introduction to Pali'
Exercise 21
(p. 176)
by
John Kelly
Alternate format: [PDF icon]

Contents  

Passages for Reading

Passage 1  

evaṃ vutte bhante Pūraṇo Kassapo maṃ etad avoca: thus / said / venerable sir / Pūraṇa Kassapa / to me / this / spoke When this was said, venerable sir, Purana Kassapa said to me:
karato kho mahaaraaja kaarayato chindato chedaapayato pacato paacayato socayato socaapayato kilamayato kilamaapayato phandayato phandaapayato by one who harms / indeed / great king / by one who causes to be harmed / by one who cuts / by one who causes to be cut / by one who burns / by one who causes to be burnt / by one who brings grief / by one who causes one to bring grief / by one who makes weary / by one who causes one to make weary / by one who makes tremble / by one who causes one to make tremble "Your majesty, by one who harms, cuts, burns, brings grief, makes weary, or causes terror, or instigates others to do likewise;
pāṇam atipātāpayato adinnaṃ ādiyato sandhiṃ chindato nillopaṃ harato ekāgārikaṃ karoto paripanthe tiṭṭhato paradāraṃ gacchato musā bhaṇato, karoto na karīyati pāpaṃ. living being / by one who causes to kill / not given / by one who causes to take / breach / by one who cuts / plunder / by one who carries off / burglary / by the doer / in ambush / by one who stands / to another's wife / by one who goes / falsely / by one who speaks / by the doer / not / is done / evil by one who causes killing, or who breaks and enters in order to steal, or carries off plunder, or commits burglary, or lies in ambush, or commits adultery, or speaks falsely; by the doer of all these no evil is committed.
khura-pariyantena ce pi cakkena yo imissā paṭhaviyā pāṇe eka-maṃsa-khalaṃ eka-maṃsa-puñjaṃ kareyya, by the razor-end / if / too / by the wheel / which / on this / earth / living beings / single-flesh-threshing / single-flesh-heap / one would make And if, with a razor-sharp wheel, one made the living beings on this earth, one single threshing and heap of flesh,
n' atthi tato-nidānaṃ pāpaṃ, n' atthi pāpassa āgamo. not / there is / thence-cause / evil / not / there is / to evil / coming there is no evil caused by that, no evil has come.
dakkhiṇañ ce pi Gaṅgā-tīraṃ āgaccheyya hananto ghātento chindanto chedāpento pacanto pācento, south / if / too / Ganges-bank / one would come / killing / slaying / cutting / causing to be cut / burning / causing to be burnt And if one came along the south bank of the Ganges, killing, slaying, cutting, causing to be cut, burning, and causing to be burnt,
n' atthi tato-nidānaṃ pāpaṃ, n' atthi pāpassa āgamo. not / there is / thence-cause / evil / not / there is / to evil / coming there is no evil caused by that, no evil has come.
uttarañ ce pi Gaṅgā-tīraṃ gaccheyya dadanto dāpento yajanto yajāpento, north / if / too / Ganges-bank / one would go / giving / causing to be given / sacrificing / causing to be sacrificed And if one went along the north bank of the Ganges, giving, causing to be given, sacrificing, and causing to be sacrificed,
n' atthi tato-nidānaṃ puññaṃ, n' atthi puññassa āgamo. not / there is / thence-cause / merit / not / there is / to merit / coming there is no merit caused by that, nor coming to merit.
dānena damena saṃyamena sacca-vajjena n' atthi puññaṃ, n'atthi puññassa āgamo ti. by giving / by restraint / by self-control / by truth-telling / not / there is / merit / not / there is / to merit / coming / (end-quote) There is no merit, nor coming to merit, through giving, restraint, self-control, or telling the truth.
itthaṃ kho me bhante Pūraṇo Kassapo sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmañña-phalaṃ puṭṭho samāno akiriyaṃ vyākāsi. in this way / indeed / to me / venerable sir / Purana Kassapa / visible here and now / asceticism-fruit / asked / same / absence of morally significant action / he explained Thus, Venerable Sir, when asked in the same way by me about the fruits of the ascetic life, Purana Kassapa explained the absence of morally significant action.

[D.I.52-3 - ī.(Sāmaññaphala).17-18]

Passage 2  

atha kho te Vāseṭṭhā sattā rasa-paṭhaviṃ paribhuñjantā taṃ-bhakkhā tad-āhārā ciraṃ dīgham addhānaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu. then / indeed / these / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / beings / essence-earth / eating / this-feeding / that-food / for a long time / long / period / they stayed Then, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, these beings remained eating this earth-essence and feeding on it as their food for a very long time.
yathā yathā kho te Vāseṭṭhā sattā rasa-paṭhaviṃ paribhuñjantā taṃ-bhakkhā tad-āhārā ciraṃ dīgham addhānaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu, just as / indeed / these / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / beings / essence-earth / relishing / this-feeding on / that-food / for a long time / long / period / they remained And, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, just as these beings remained relishing this earth-essence and feeding on it as their food for a very long time,
tathā tathā tesaṃ sattānaṃ kharattañ c' eva kāyasmiṃ okkami, vaṇṇa-vevaṇṇatā ca paññāyittha. just so / to these / to the beings / roughness / and / just / in the body / developed / color-discoloration / and / was discerned just so a coarseness developed in their bodies and good and bad-looking appeared.
ek' idaṃ sattā vaṇṇavanto honti, ek' idaṃ sattā dubbaṇṇā. some / here / beings / beautiful / were / some / here / beings / ugly Some of the beings here were beautiful and others ugly,
tattha ye te sattā vaṇṇavanto, te dubbaṇṇe satte atimaññanti. there / who-ever / beings / beautiful / these / ugly / beings / they despise and those beings that were beautiful despised the ugly ones, thinking,
mayam etehi vaṇṇavantatarā, amheh' ete dubbaṇṇatarā ti. we / than these / more beautiful / than us / these / uglier / (end-quote) "We are more beautiful than them; they are uglier than us."
tesaṃ vaṇṇ-ātimāna-paccayā mān-ātimāna-jātikānaṃ rasa-paṭhavī antaradhāyi. for those / color-conceit-condition / for pride-conceit-natured / essence-earth / disappeared Due to the arrogance of beauty, the earth-essence disappeared for those who were proud and conceited by nature.
rasāya paṭhaviyā antarahitāya sannipatiṃsu, sannipatitvā anutthuniṃsu, aho rasaṃ, aho rasan ti. on the essence / on the earth / on the disappearance / they assembled / having assembled / they lamented / oh / taste / oh / taste / (end-quote) On account of the disappearance of the earth-essence, they assembled together, and lamented, "Oh, the taste! Oh, the taste."
tad etarahi pi manussā kiñ cid eva sādhu rasaṃ labhitvā evam āhaṃsu, aho rasaṃ, aho rasan ti. so / now / too / people / whatever / surely / good / taste / having received / thus / they say / oh / taste / oh / taste / (end-quote) So even now, people say on obtaining any good taste, "Oh, the taste! Oh, the taste!"
tad eva porāṇaṃ aggaññaṃ akkharaṃ anupatanti, na tv ev' assa atthaṃ ājānanti. so / surely / ancient tradition / primary / expression / they follow / not / but / even / of it / meaning / they understand and they follow an ancient primeval tradition without even understanding its meaning.
atha kho tesaṃ Vāseṭṭhā sattānaṃ rasāya pathaviyā antarahitāya bhūmi-pappaṭako pāturahosi. then / indeed / to these / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / beings / of the essence / of the earth / on the disappearance / earth-fungus / was manifest Then, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, on the disappearance of the earth-essence, an earth fungus appeared to these beings,
seyyathā pi nāma ahicchattako, evaṃ evaṃ pāturahosi. just as / too / indeed / mushroom / thus / was manifest in the same way that a mushroom appears.
so ahosi vaṇṇa-sampanno gandha-sampanno rasa-sampanno. it / was / color-endowed / smell-endowed / taste-endowed / It was endowed with color, smell, and taste;
seyyathā pi nāma sampannaṃ vā sappi sampannaṃ vā navanītaṃ, evaṃ-vaṇṇo ahosi. just as / too / indeed / endowed / or / ghee / endowed / or / butter / of such-color / it was it was the color of ghee or butter,
seyyathā pi nāma khuddaṃ madhu aneḷakaṃ, evam-assādo ahosi. just as / too / indeed / wild honey / sweet / pure / of such-taste / it was and it had a taste like the sweetness of pure wild honey.
atha kho te Vāseṭṭhā sattā bhūmi-pappaṭakaṃ upakkamiṃsu paribhuñjituṃ. then / indeed / these / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / beings / earth-fungus / they began / to eat So, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, these beings began to eat the earth-fungus,
te taṃ paribhuñjantā taṃ-bhakkhā tad-āhārā ciraṃ dīghaṃ addhānaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu. these / this / relishing / this-feeding on / this-food / for a long time / long period / they remained and, relishing it they remained feeding on this food for a very long time.
yathā yathā kho te Vāseṭṭhā sattā bhūmi-pappaṭakaṃ paribhuñjantā taṃ-bhakkhā tad-āhārā ciraṃ dīghaṃ addhānaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu, just as / indeed / these / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / beings / earth-fungus / relishing / this-feeding on / that-food / for a long time / long period / they remained And, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, just as these beings remained relishing this earth-fungus and feeding on it as their food for a very long time,
tathā tathā tesaṃ sattānaṃ bhiyyoso mattāya kharattañ c'eva kāyasmiṃ okkami, vaṇṇa-vevaṇṇatā ca paññāyittha. just so / to these / to the beings / more / by measure / roughness / and / just / in the body / developed / color-discoloration / and / were discerned just so an even greater measure of coarseness developed in their bodies and good and bad-looking appeared.
ek' idaṃ sattā vaṇṇavanto honti, ek'idaṃ sattā dubbaṇṇā. some / here / beings / beautiful / were / some / here / beings / ugly Some of the beings here were beautiful and others ugly,
tattha ye te sattā vaṇṇavanto, te dubbaṇṇe satte atimaññanti. there / who-ever / beings / beautiful / these / ugly / beings / they despise and those beings that were beautiful despised the ugly ones, thinking,
mayam etehi vaṇṇavantatarā, amheh' ete dubbaṇṇatarā ti. we / than these / more beautiful / than us / these / uglier / (end-quote) "We are more beautiful than them; they are uglier than us."
tesaṃ vaṇṇ-ātimāna-paccayā mān-ātimāna-jātikānaṃ bhūmi-pappaṭako antaradhāyi. for those / color-conceit-condition / for pride-conceit-natured / earth-fungus / disappeared Due to the arrogance of beauty, the earth-fungus disappeared for those who were proud and conceited by nature.
bhūmi-pappaṭake antarahite badālatā pāturahosi. earth-fungus / on the disappearance / creeper / appeared And on the disappearance of the earth-fungus a creeper appeared,
seyyathā pi nāma kalambukā, evam evaṃ pāturahosi. just as / too / indeed / mushroom / thus / was manifest in the same way that the kalumbuka creeper appears.
sā ahosi vaṇṇa-sampannā gandha-sampannā rasa-sampannā. it / was / color-endowed / smell-endowed / taste-endowed / It was endowed with color, smell, and taste;
seyyathā pi nāma sampannaṃ vā sappi sampannaṃ vā navanītaṃ evaṃ-vaṇṇā ahosi. just as / too / indeed / endowed / or / ghee / endowed / or / butter / of such-color / it was it was the color of ghee or butter,
seyyathā pi nāma khuddaṃ madhu aneḷakaṃ, evam-assādā ahosi. just as / too / indeed / wild honey / sweet / pure / of such-taste / it was and it had a taste like the sweetness of pure wild honey.
atha kho te Vāseṭṭhā sattā badālataṃ upakkamiṃsu paribhuñjituṃ. then / indeed / these / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / beings / creeper / they began / to eat So, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, these beings began to eat the creeper,
te taṃ paribhuñjantā tam-bhakkhā tad-āhārā ciraṃ dīgham addhānaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu. these / this / relishing / this-feeding on / this-food / for a long time / long period / they remained and relishing it they remained feeding on this food for a very long time.
yathā yathā kho te Vāseṭṭhā sattā badālataṃ paribhuñjantā taṃ-bhakkhā tad-āhārā . pe. in as much as / indeed / these / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / beings / creeper / relishing / this-feeding on / that-food / etc. And, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, as these beings remained relishing this creeper and feeding on it as their food ... etc.
badālatāya antarahitāya sannipatiṃsu, sannipatitvā anutthuniṃsu, ahu vata no, ahāyi vata no badālatā ti. of the creeper / of the earth / by the disappearance / they assembled / having assembled / they lamented / it was / alas / for us / it is gone / alas / for us / creeper / (end-quote) On account of the disappearance of the creeper, they assembled together, and lamented, "Oh, alas! Oh, alas! We had the creeper and now it is gone!"
tad etarahi pi manussā kena cid eva dukkha-dhammena phuṭṭhā evam āhaṃsu: ahu vata no, ahāyi vata no ti. so / now / too / people / something / surely / by bad-thing / touched / thus / they say / it was / alas / for us / it is gone / alas / for us / (end-quote) So even now, people say on experiencing something bad, "Oh, alas! Oh, alas! We had it and now it is gone!"
tad eva porāṇaṃ aggaññaṃ akkharaṃ anupatanti, na tv ev' assa atthaṃ ājānanti. so / surely / ancient tradition / primary / expression / they follow / not / but / even / of it / meaning / they understand and they follow an ancient primeval tradition without even understanding its meaning.
atha kho tesaṃ Vāseṭṭhā sattānaṃ badālatāya antarahitāya akaṭṭha-pāko sāli pāturahosi, akaṇo athuso su-gandho taṇḍula-pphalo. then / indeed / to these / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / beings / of the creeper / on the disappearance / uncultivated-ripe / rice / was manifest / without red dust coating / without husk / good-scent / husked rice-fruit Then, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, on the disappearance of the creeper, uncultivated, fragrant, husked rice, without the red dust coating and ready to cook, appeared to these beings.
yaṃ taṃ sāyaṃ sāyamāsāya āharanti, pāto taṃ hoti pakkaṃ paṭivirūḷhaṃ. whichever / in the evening / for the evening meal / they bring / in the morning / that / is / ripe / grown again Whatever they brought in the evening for the evening meal, that was grown again and ripe by the morning,
yaṃ taṃ pāto pātarāsāya āharanti, sāyaṃ taṃ hoti pakkaṃ paṭivirūḷhaṃ, nāpadānaṃ paññāyati. whichever / in the morning / for the morning meal / they bring / in the evening / that / is / ripe / grown again / not-harvesting / is discerned and whatever they brought in the morning for the morning meal, that was grown again and ripe by the evening, and no harvesting was necessary.
atha kho te Vāseṭṭhā sattā akaṭṭha-pākaṃ sāliṃ paribhuñjantā taṃ-bhakkhā tad-āhārā . pe. vaṇṇavevaṇṇatā ca paññāyittha. then / indeed / these / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / beings / uncultivated-ripe / rice / relishing / this-feeding on / this-food / etc. / color-discoloration / and / were discerned So, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, these beings, relishing the uncultivated, ripe rice and feeding on it as their food ... etc. ... and good and bad-looking were discerned.
itthiyā ca itthi-liṅgaṃ pāturahosi, purisassa ca purisa-liṅgaṃ. for a woman / and / woman-characteristic / appeared / for a man / and / man-characteristic In the women female characteristics appeared, and in the men male characteristics.
itthī ca sudaṃ ativelaṃ purisaṃ upanijjhāyati, puriso ca itthiṃ. woman / and / even / excessively / man / thinks about / man / and / woman As women thought excessively about men, so men did about women,
tesaṃ ativelaṃ aññam-aññaṃ upanijjhāyataṃ sārāgo udapādi, pariḷāho kāyasmiṃ okkami. to them / excessively / one another / thinking about / passion / arose / lust / in the body / arose within and due to excessive thinking about one another, passion developed and lust arose in their bodies,
te pariḷāha-paccayā methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭiseviṃsu. these / by the lust-condition / sex / thing / they indulged and because of this lust, they indulged in sexual intercourse.
ye kho pana te Vāseṭṭhā tena samayena sattā passanti methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevante, aññe paṃsuṃ khipanti, aññe seṭṭhiṃ khipanti, aññe gomayaṃ khipanti. whoever / indeed / but / these / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / at that / time / beings / they saw / sex / thing / indulging / others / dirt / throw / others / ash / throw / others / cow dung / throw But, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, when other beings saw them indulging in sexual intercourse, some threw dirt, others threw ash, and others threw cow-dung,
nassa asuci, nassa asucii ti. perish / impure one / perish / impure one / (end-quote) saying, "Perish, impure one! Perish impure one!"
kathaṃ hi nāma satto sattassa eva-rūpaṃ karissatī ti. how / for / indeed / being / to a being / such-form / one will do / (end-quote) and, "How could one do such a thing to another?"
tad etarahi pi manussā ekaccesu janapadesu vadhuyā nibbuyhamānāya aññe paṃsuṃ khipanti, aññe seṭṭhiṃ khipanti, aññe gomayaṃ khipanti. so / now / too / human beings / in some / countries / brides / being led out / others / dirt / throw / others / ash / throw / others / cow dung / throw So even now people in some countries, as brides are being led out, some throw dirt, others throw ash, and others throw cow-dung.
tad eva porāṇaṃ aggaññaṃ akkharaṃ anupatanti, na tv ev' assa atthaṃ ājānanti. so / surely / ancient tradition / primary / expression / they follow / not / even / of it / meaning / they understand And they follow an ancient primeval tradition without understanding its meaning.
adhamma-sammataṃ kho pana Vāseṭṭhā tena samayena hoti, tad etarahi dhamma-sammataṃ. unrighteous-considered / indeed / but / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / at that / time / it is / so / now / righteous-considered However, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, what was considered at that time improper conduct is now considered proper conduct.
ye kho pana Vāseṭṭhā tena samayena sattā methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevanti, te māsam pi dvemāsam pi na labhanti gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā pavisituṃ. whoever / indeed / but / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / at that / time / beings / sex / thing / they indulge in / they / for a month / too / for two months / not / they obtain / village / or / town / or / to enter But at that time, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, those beings who indulged in sexual intercourse were not permitted to enter the village or town for a month or two.
yato kho Vāseṭṭhā te sattā tasmiṃ samaye asaddhamme ativelaṃ pātavyataṃ āpajjiṃsu, since / indeed / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / those / beings / in that / occasion / in immorality / excessively / indulgence / they had Since, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, those beings indulged excessively in that immoral behavior,
atha agārāni upakkamiṃsu kātuṃ tass' eva asaddhammassa paṭicchādan-atthaṃ. then / houses / they began / to build / of that / just / immorality / covering-reason they began to build houses in order to hide that immorality.
atha kho Vāseṭṭhā aññatarassa sattassa alasa-jātikassa etad ahosi: then / indeed / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / to a certain / being / of lazy-nature / this / it was Then, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, it occurred to a certain lazy-natured being,
ambho, kim ev-āhaṃ vihaññāmi sāliṃ āharanto sāyaṃ sāyam-āsāya pāto pāta-rāsāya. sir / why / just-I / I am troubled / rice / bringing / evening / evening-meal / morning / morning-meal "Hey, why do I bother myself bringing rice in the evening for the evening meal, and in the morning for the morning meal?
yan nū-n-āhaṃ sāliṃ āhareyyaṃ sakid eva sāya-pātar-āsāyā ti. what / is it-not-I / rice / I would bring / once / just / evening-morning-meal / (end-quote) What if I just gather rice once for both the evening and morning meals?"
atha kho so Vāseṭṭhā satto sāliṃ āhāsi sakid eva sāyapātarāsāya. then / indeed / this / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / being / rice / brought / once / just / evening-morning-meal And so, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, this being gathered rice just once for both the evening and morning meals.
atha kho Vāseṭṭhā aññataro satto yena so satto ten' upasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ sattaṃ etad avoca: then / indeed / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / a certain / being / towards / this / being / there / he approached / having approached / to that / being / this / he said And later when another being came up to this being and said to him,
ehi bho satta sāl-āhāraṃ gamissāmā ti. come / sir / being / rice-gathering / let us go / (end-quote) "Come on, friend, let's go rice gathering,"
alaṃ bho satta āhato me sāli sakid eva sāyapātarāsāyā ti. enough / friend / being / gathered / by me / rice / once / just / evening-morning-meal / (end-quote) he replied, Ṅo, friend, enough rice has already been gathered by me for both the evening and morning meals."
atha kho so Vāseṭṭhā satto tassa sattassa diṭṭh-ānugatiṃ āpajjamāno sāliṃ āhāsi sakid eva dvīhāya, evam pi kira bho, sādhū ti. then / indeed / this / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / being / of that / being / seen-imitation / acquiring / rice / gathered / once / just / for two days / thus / too / really / sir / good / (end-quote) Then, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, this being in imitation of the view of the other being gathered rice just once for two days, thinking, "Friend, this is a really good idea."
atha kho Vāseṭṭhā aññataro satto yena so satto ten' upasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā taṃ sattaṃ etad avoca: then / indeed / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / a certain / being / towards / this / being / there / he approached / having approached / to that / being / this / he said And later when another being came up to this being and said to him,
ehi bho satta sāl-āhāraṃ gamissāmā ti. come / sir / being / rice-gathering / let us go / (end-quote) "Come on, friend, let's go rice gathering,"
alaṃ bho satta āhato me sāli sakid eva dvīhāyā ti. enough / friend / being / gathered / by me / rice / once / just / for two days / (end-quote) he replied, Ṅo, friend, enough rice has already been gathered by me for two days."
atha kho so Vāseṭṭhā satto tassa sattassa diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjamāno sāliṃ āhāsi sakid eva catuhāya, evam pi kira bho sādhū ti. then / indeed / this / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / being / of that / being / seen-imitation / acquiring / rice / gathered / once / just / for four days / thus / too / really / sir / good / (end-quote) Then, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, this being in imitation of the view of the other being gathered rice just once for four days, thinking, "Friend, this is a really good idea."
atha kho Vāseṭṭhā aññataro satto yena so satto ten' upasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā taṃ sattaṃ etadavoca: then / indeed / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / a certain / being / towards / this / being / there / he approached / having approached / to that / being / this / he said And later when another being came up to this being and said to him,
ehi bho satta sāl-āhāraṃ gamissāmā ti. come / sir / being / rice-gathering / let us go / (end-quote) "Come on, friend, let's go rice gathering,"
alaṃ bho satta āhato me sāli sakid eva catuhāyā ti. enough / friend / being / gathered / by me / rice / once / just / for four days / (end-quote) he replied, Ṅo, friend, enough rice has already been gathered by me for four days."
atha kho so Vāseṭṭhā satto tassa sattassa diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjamāno sāliṃ āhāsi sakid eva aṭṭhāhāya, evam pi kira bho sādhū ti. then / indeed / this / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / being / of that / being / seen-imitation / acquiring / rice / gathered / once / just / for eight days / thus / too / really / sir / good / (end-quote) Then, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, this being in imitation of the view of the other being gathered rice just once for eight days, thinking, "Friend, this is a really good idea."
yato kho te Vāseṭṭhā sattā sannidhi-kārakaṃ sāliṃ upakkamiṃsu paribhuñjituṃ atha kaṇo pi taṇḍulaṃ pariyonandhi, thuso pi taṇḍulaṃ pariyonandhi, since / indeed / these / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / beings / store-maker / rice / they go into / to eat / then / red rice powder / too / rice kernel / it covered over / husk / too / rice kernel / it covered over Since, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, these beings got into eating stored rice, a red powder and husk covered over the rice kernel,
lūnam pi nappaṭivirūḷhaṃ apadānaṃ paññāyittha, saṇḍa-saṇḍā sāliyo aṭṭhaṃsu. reaped / too / not grown again / harvesting / it was discerned / in clusters / rice / they stood reaped rice did not re-grow, harvesting was discerned, and the rice grew in clusters.
atha kho te Vāseṭṭhā sattā sannipatiṃsu sannipatitvā anutthuniṃsu pāpakā vata bho dhammā sattesu pātubhūtā, then / indeed / these / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / beings / they assembled / having assembled / they lamented / evil / alas! / friend / things / among beings / appeared Then, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, these beings assembled and lamented, "Alas! Evil things have appeared among us.
mayaṃ hi pubbe mano-mayā ahumhā pītibhakkhā sayaṃ-pabhā antalikkha-carā subha-ṭṭhāyino, ciraṃ dīgham addhānaṃ aṭṭhamhā. we / for / formerly / mind-made / we were / rapture-feeding / self-luminous / sky-moving / luster-remaining / for a long time / long / period / we stayed For formerly we were mind-made, feeding on rapture, self-luminous, moving through the sky, lustrous, and we stayed that way for a very long time.
tesaṃ no amhākaṃ kadāci karahaci dīghassa addhuno accayena rasa-paṭhavī udakasmiṃ samatāni. for them / us / for us / at any time / at some time / of long / time / after the lapse of / essence- earth / on the water / evenness And at some time for us after a long period of time, earth-essence spread evenly over the water.
sā ahosi vaṇṇa-sampannā gandha-sampannā rasa-sampannā. it / was / color-endowed / smell-endowed / taste-endowed / It was endowed with color, smell, and taste.
te mayaṃ rasa-paṭhaviṃ hatthehi ālumpa-kārakaṃ upakkamimha paribhuñjituṃ, those / we / essence-earth / with hands / piece-making / we began / to eat We began to eat the earth-essence by breaking pieces with our hands,
tesaṃ no rasa-paṭhaviṃ hatthehi ālumpa-kārakaṃ upakkamataṃ paribhuñjituṃ sayam-pabhā antaradhāyi. to those / to us / essence-earth / with hands / piece-making / began / to eat / self-luminosity / disappeared and when we did this, our self-luminosity disappeared.
sayam-pabhāya antarahitāya candima-suriyā pāturahesuṃ. self-luminosity / with the disappearance / moon-sun / were manifest And when our self-luminosity was lost, the sun and moon were made manifest;
candima-suriyesu pātubhutesu, nakkhattāni tārakārūpāni pāturahesuṃ. with moon-sun / with the manifestation / constellations / stars / were manifest with the manifestation of the sun and moon, constellations and stars were made manifest;
nakkhattesu tārakārūpesu pātubhutesu, rattin-divā paññāyiṃsu. with constellations / with stars / with the manifestation / night-day / they appeared with the manifestation of the constellations and stars, night and day appeared;
rattin-divesu paññāyamānesu, mās-addha-māsā paññāyiṃsu. with night-days / with appearing / months-half-months / they appeared with the appearance of night and day, months and fortnights appeared;
mās-addha-māsesu paññāyamānesu, utu-saṃvaccharā paññāyiṃsu. with months-half-months / with appearing / seasons-years / they appeared with the appearance of months and fortnights, seasons and years appeared;
te mayaṃ rasa-paṭhaviṃ paribhuñjantā tam-bhakkhā tad-āhārā ciraṃ dīgham addhānaṃ aṭṭhamhā, those / we / essence-earth / eating / this-feeding / that-food / for a long time / long / period / we stayed and we remained eating this earth-essence and feeding on it as our food for a very long time,
tesaṃ no pāpakānaṃ ñeva akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pātubhāvā rasa-paṭhavī antaradhāyi. to thse / to us / of evil / also / of unwholesome / of things / appearance / essence-earth / disappearance and on account of the evil, unwholesome things among us, the earth-essence disappeared.
rasa-paṭhaviyā antarahitāya bhūmi-pappaṭako pāturahosi. of the essence-earth / on the disappearance / earth-fungus / was manifest On the disappearance of the earth-essence, an earth fungus appeared.
so ahosi vaṇṇa-sampanno gandha-sampanno rasa-sampanno. it / was / color-endowed / smell-endowed / taste-endowed / It was endowed with color, smell, and taste.
te mayaṃ bhūmi-pappaṭakaṃ upakkamimha paribhuñjituṃ. those / we / earth-fungus / we began / to eat We began to eat the earth-fungus,
te mayaṃ taṃ paribhuñjantā taṃbhakkhā tadāhārā ciraṃ dīgham addhānaṃ aṭṭhamhā. those / we / this / relishing / this-feeding on / this-food / for a long time / long period / we remained and, relishing it we remained feeding on this food for a very long time,
tesaṃ no pāpakānaṃ ñeva akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pātubhāvā bhūmi-pappaṭako antaradhāyi. to those / to us / of evil / also / of unwholesome / of things / appearance / earth-fungus / disappearance and on account of the evil, unwholesome things among us, the earth-fungus disappeared.
bhūmi-pappaṭake antarahite badālatā pāturahosi. earth-fungus / on the disappearance / creeper / appeared And on the disappearance of the earth-fungus a creeper appeared.
sā ahosi vaṇṇa-sampannā gandha-sampannā rasa-sampannā. it / was / color-endowed / smell-endowed / taste-endowed / It was endowed with color, smell, and taste;
te mayaṃ badālataṃ upakkamimha paribhuñjituṃ. those / we / creeper / we began / to eat and we began to eat the creeper,
te mayaṃ taṃ paribhuñjantā tam-bhakkhā tad-āhārā ciraṃ dīgham addhānaṃ aṭṭhamhā. those / we / this / relishing / this-feeding on / this-food / for a long time / long period / we remained and relishing it we remained feeding on this food for a very long time.
tesaṃ no pāpakānaṃ ñeva akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pātubhāvā badālatā antaradhāyi. to those / to us / of evil / also / of unwholesome / of things / appearance / creeper / disappearance And on account of the evil, unwholesome things among us, the creeper disappeared.
badālatāya antarahitāya akaṭṭha-pāko sāli pāturahosi, akaṇo athuso suddho su-gandho taṇḍula-pphalo. of the creeper / on the disappearance / uncultivated-ripe / rice / was manifest / without red dust coating / without husk / pure / good-scent / husked rice-fruit On the disappearance of the creeper, pure, ripe, uncultivated, fragrant, husked rice, without the red dust coating and ready to cook, appeared.
yan taṃ sāyaṃ sāyamāsāya āharāma pāto taṃ hoti pakkaṃ paṭivirūḷhaṃ. whichever / in the evening / for the evening meal / we bring / in the morning / that / is / ripe / grown again Whatever we brought in the evening for the evening meal, that was grown again and ripe by the morning,
yan taṃ pāto pātarāsāya āharāma, sāyan taṃ hoti pakkaṃ paṭivirūḷhaṃ nāpadānaṃ paññāyittha. whichever / in the morning / for the morning meal / we bring / in the evening / that / is / ripe / grown again / not-harvesting / is discerned and whatever we brought in the morning for the morning meal, that was grown again and ripe by the evening, and no harvesting was necessary.
te mayaṃ akaṭṭha-pākaṃ sāliṃ paribhuñjantā taṃ-bhakkhā tad-āhārā ciraṃ dīgham addhānaṃ aṭṭhamhā. those / we / uncultivated-ripe / rice / relishing / this-feeding on / this-food / for a long time / long period / we remained And relishing the uncultivated, ripe rice we remained feeding on it as our food for a very long time.
tesaṃ no pāpakānaṃ ñeva akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pātubhāvā kaṇo pi taṇḍulaṃ pariyonandhi, thuso pi taṇḍulaṃ pariyonandhi, lūnam pi na paṭivirūḷhaṃ, apadānaṃ paññāyittha, saṇḍa-saṇḍā sāliyo ṭhitā. to those / to us / of evil / also / of unwholesome / of things / appearance / red rice powder / too / rice kernel / it covered over / husk / too / rice kernel / it covered over / reaped / too / not / grown again / harvesting / it was discerned / in clusters / rice / stood And on account of the evil, unwholesome things among us, a red powder and husk covered over the rice kernel, reaped rice did not re-grow, harvesting was discerned, and the rice stood in clusters.
yan nūna mayaṃ sāliṃ vibhajeyyāma, mariyādaṃ ṭhapeyyāmā ti. what if / we / rice / we would divide / boundary / we would establish / (end-quote) Why don't we divide the rice and establish boundaries?"
atha kho te Vāseṭṭhā sattā sāliṃ vibhajiṃsu, mariyādaṃ ṭhapesuṃ. then / indeed / those / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / beings / rice / they divided / boundary / they established Then, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, these beings divided the rice and established boundaries.
atha kho Vāseṭṭhā aññataro satto lola-jātiko sakaṃ bhāgaṃ parirakkhanto aññataraṃ bhāgaṃ adinnaṃ ādiyitvā paribhuñji. then / indeed / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / a certain / being / wanton-nature / own / share / protecting / a certain / share / not given / having taken / he ate Then, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, a certain wanton being, guarding his own share, took the share of another that hadn't been given and ate it.
tam enaṃ aggahesuṃ, gahetvā etad avocuṃ: pāpakaṃ vata bho satta karosi, yatra hi nāma sakaṃ bhāgaṃ parirakkhanto aññataraṃ bhāgaṃ adinnaṃ ādiyitvā paribhuñjasi. then / that one / they seized / having seized / this / they said / evil / alas! / sir / being / you do / in as much as / own / share / protecting / a certain / share / not given / having taken / you ate So they seized that one and said to him: "Alas, sir! You have done wrong when, guarding your own share, you took the share of another that hadn't been given and ate it
maa ssu bho satta puna pi evaruupam akaasii ti. do not / even / sir / being / again / such-thing / you do / (end-quote) Never again do such a thing!"
evaṃ bho ti kho Vāseṭṭhā so satto tesaṃ sattānaṃ paccassosi. yes / sir / (end-quote) / indeed / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / this / being / to these / beings / assented "Yes, sir," this being assented to the others.
dutiyam pi kho Vāseṭṭhā so satto ...pe... tatiyam pi kho Vāseṭṭhā so satto sakaṃ bhāgaṃ parirakkhanto aññataraṃ bhāgaṃ adinnaṃ ādiyitvā paribhuñji. a second time / indeed / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / this / being / ... etc. ... / a third time / this / being / own / share / protecting / a certain / share / not given / having taken / he ate Vasettha and Bharadvaja, a second time this being ... etc. ... and a third time this being, guarding his own share, took the share of another that hadn't been given and ate it.
tam enaṃ aggahesuṃ, aggahetvā etad avocuṃ: pāpakaṃ vata bho satta karosi, yatra hi nāma sakaṃ bhāgaṃ parirakkhanto aññataraṃ bhāgaṃ adinnaṃ ādiyitvā paribhuñjasi. then / that one / they seized / having seized / this / they said / evil / alas! / sir / being / you do / in as much as / own / share / protecting / a certain / share / not given / having taken / you ate So they seized that one and said to him: "Alas, sir! You have done wrong when, guarding your own share, you took the share of another that hadn't been given and ate it
maa ssu bho satta puna pi evaruupam akaasii ti. do not / even / sir / being / again / such-thing / you do / (end-quote) Never again do such a thing!"
aññe pāṇinā pahariṃsu, aññe leḍḍunā pahariṃsu, aññe daṇḍena pahariṃsu. others / by hand / they hit / others / by clod / they hit / others / by stick / they hit Some struck him with their hands, others with clods, and yet others with sticks.
tad agge kho Vāseṭṭhā adinn-ādānaṃ paññāyati, garahā paññāyati, musā-vādo paññāyati, daṇḍā-dānaṃ paññāyati. since then / indeed / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / not given-taking / is discerned / accusation / is discerned / false-speech / is discerned / stick-giving / is discerned From then on, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, theft appeared, accusation appeared, lying appeared, and punishment appeared.
atha kho te Vāseṭṭhā sattā sannipatiṃsu, sannipatitvā anutthuniṃsu, pāpakā vata bho dhammā sattesu pātubhūtā, then / indeed / these / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / beings / they assembled / having assembled / they lamented / evil / alas! / friend / things / among beings / appeared Then, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, these beings assembled and lamented, "Alas! Evil things have appeared among us.
yatra hi nāma adinn-ādānaṃ paññāyati, garahā paññāyati, musā-vādo paññāyati, daṇḍā-dānaṃ paññāyati, in as much as / not given-taking / is discerned / accusation / is discerned / false-speech / is discerned / stick-giving / is discerned Since theft has appeared, accusation has appeared, lying has appeared, and punishment has appeared,
yan nūna mayaṃ ekaṃ sattaṃ sammanneyyāma. what if / we / one / being / we would elect why don't we elect one being among us
so no sammā-khīyitabbaṃ khīyeyya, sammā-garahitabbaṃ garaheyya, sammāpabbājetabbaṃ pabbājeyya. he / for us / rightly-ought to be indignant / he would be indignant / rightly-ought to be accused / he would acccuse / rightly-ought to be banished / he would banish who would become indignant over what rightly ought to cause indignation, accuse whomever rightly ought to be accused, and banish whomever rightly ought to be banished.
mayaṃ pan' assa sālīnaṃ bhāgaṃ anuppadassāmā ti. we / moreover / to him / rice / share / we will grant / (end-quote) Moreover we would grant to him a share of the rice."
atha kho te Vāseṭṭhā sattā yo nesaṃ satto abhirūpa-taro ca dassanīya-taro ca pāsādika-taro ca mahesakkha-taro ca, taṃ sattaṃ upasaṅkamitvā etad avocuṃ: then / indeed / these / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / beings / which / among them / being / handsome-more / and / beautiful-more / and / pleasing-more / and / capable-more / and / that / being / having approached / this / they said Then, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, these beings approached the being among them who was the most handsome, beautiful, pleasing, and capable, and said this:
ehi bho satta, sammā-khīyitabbaṃ khīya, sammā-garahitabbaṃ garaha, sammā-pabbājetabbaṃ pabbājehi. come / friend / being / rightly-ought to be indignant / be indignant / rightly-ought to be accused / acccuse / rightly-ought to be banished / banish "Come, friend, become indignant over what rightly ought to cause indignation, accuse whomever rightly ought to be accused, and banish whomever rightly ought to be banished.
mayaṃ pana te sālīnaṃ bhāgaṃ anuppadassāmā ti. we / however / to you / rice / share / we will grant / (end-quote) and we will grant to you a share of the rice."
evaṃ bho ti kho Vāseṭṭhā so satto tesaṃ sattānaṃ paṭissutvā, thus / sir / (end-quote) / indeed / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / this / being / to those / beings / having assented "Yes, sir," this being assented to the others, and then
sammākhīyitabbaṃ khīyi, sammāgarahitabbaṃ garahi, sammāpabbājetabbaṃ pabbājesi. rightly-ought to be indignant / he was indignant / rightly-ought to be accused / he acccused / rightly-ought to be banished / he banished he became indignant over what rightly ought to cause indignation, accused whomever rightly ought to be accused, and banished whomever rightly ought to be banished,
te pan' assa sālīnaṃ bhāgaṃ anuppadaṃsu. they / however / to him / rice / share / they granted and they thus granted to him a share of the rice."
mahā-jana-sammato ti kho Vāseṭṭhā mahā-sammato, mahā-sammato tv eva paṭhamaṃ akkharaṃ upanibbattaṃ. great-people-elected / (end-quote) / indeed / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / great-elect / great-elect / indeed / first / expression / derived "Elected by the people" is the meaning of mahasammata, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, and mahasammata is indeed the first expression to be derived.
khettānaṃ patī ti kho Vāseṭṭhā khattiyo, khattiyo tv eva dutiyaṃ akkharaṃ upanibbattaṃ. of the fields / lord / (end-quote) / indeed / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / khattiya / khattiya / indeed / second / expression / derived "Lord of the fields" is the meaning of khattiya, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, and khattiya is indeed the second expression to be derived.
dhammena pare rañjetī ti kho Vāseṭṭhā rājā, rājā tv eva tatiyaṃ akkharaṃ upanibbattaṃ. by righteousness / others / he brings delight / (end-quote) / indeed / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / raja / raja / indeed / third / expression / derived "He brings delight to others through righteousness" is the meaning of raja, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, and raja is indeed the third expression to be derived.
iti kho Vāseṭṭhā evam etassa khattiya-maṇḍalassa porāṇena aggaññena akkharena abhinibbatti ahosi. thus / indeed / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / thus / of this / khattiya-circle / with ancient / with primeval / with expression / production / there was Thus, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, there was the emergence of the Khattiya class along with these ancient and primeval expressions;
tesaṃ ñeva sattānaṃ anaññesaṃ sadisānaṃ ñeva no asadisānaṃ dhammen' eva no adhammena. among these / also / of beings / not other / of like / also / not / of unlike / righteously / just / not / unrighteously among these very beings, not others; like ourselves, not unlike; righteously, not unrighteously.
dhammo hi Vāseṭṭhā seṭṭho jan' etasmiṃ diṭṭhe c' eva dhamme abhisamparāyañ ca. Dhamma / for / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / best / generation / in this / in this very life (diṭṭh' eva dhamme) / and / in the future / and For, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, Dhamma is the very best in this generation both in this very life and in the future.

[D.ĪI.86-93 — xxvī.(Aggañña).11-21]

Passage 3  

bhūtapubbaṃ imasmiṃ yeva bhikkhu-saṅghe aññatarassa bhikkhuno evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi: in the past / in this / just / monk-community / of a certain / monk / thus / in the mind / thought / arose In the past, in just this community of monks, a thought arose in the mind of a certain monk:
kattha nu kho ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathīdaṃ paṭhavī-dhātu āpo-dhātu tejo-dhātu vāyo-dhātū ti. where / do / indeed / these / four / great elements / without remainder / cease / namely / earth-element / water-element / fire-element / air-element / (end-quote) "Indeed, where do these four great elements, that is, the earth, water, fire, and air elements, cease without remainder?"
atha kho so bhikkhu tathārūpaṃ samādhiṃ samāpajji yathā samāhite citte deva-yāniyo maggo pāturahosi. then / indeed / this / monk / such / concentration / attained / as / in concentrated / mind / deva-leading to / path / appeared Then this monk attained such a level of concentration that through his concentrated mind a path leading to the devas appeared.
atha kho so bhikkhu yena Caatu-mahaa-raajikaa devaa ten' upasankami, upasankamitvaa Caatu-mahaa-raajike deve etad avoca: then / indeed / this / monk / towards / four-great-kings / devas / that way / he approached / having approached / to the four-great-kings / devas / this / he said Then, this monk approached the devas of the Four Great Kings and, drawing near, he said to them:
kattha nu kho āvuso ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathīdaṃ paṭhavī-dhātu āpo-dhātu tejo-dhātu vāyo-dhātū ti. where / do / indeed / friends / these / four / great elements / without remainder / cease / namely / earth-element / water-element / fire-element / air-element / (end-quote) "Friends, where do these four great elements, that is, the earth, water, fire, and air elements, cease without remainder?"
evaṃ vutte Cātu-mahā-rājikā devā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etad avocuṃ: thus / said / four-great-kings / devas / this / monk / thus / said When this was said, the devas of the Four Great Kings replied to this monk:
mayam pi kho, bhikkhu, na jānāma yatth' ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathīdaṃ paṭhavī-dhātu āpo-dhātu tejo-dhātu vāyo-dhātū. we / too / indeed / monk / not / we know / where / these / four / great elements / without remainder / cease / namely / earth-element / water-element / fire-element / air-element "Monk, we also do not know where these four great elements, that is, the earth, water, fire, and air elements, cease without remainder.
atthi kho bhikkhu cattāro Mahārājā amhehi abhikkanta-tarā ca paṇītatarā ca. there are / indeed / monk / four / great kings / than us / advanced-more / and / excellent-more / and There are, monk, the Four Great Kings, who are more advanced and excellent than us.
te kho evaṃ jāneyyuṃ, yatth' ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti seyyathīdaṃ paṭhavī-dhātu āpo-dhātu tejo-dhātu vāyo-dhātū ti. they / indeed / thus / might know / where / these / four / great elements / without remainder / cease / namely / earth-element / water-element / fire-element / air-element / (end-quote) Indeed they might know where these four great elements, that is, the earth, water, fire, and air elements, cease without remainder."
atha kho so bhikkhu yena cattaaro Mahaa-raajaa ten' upasankami, upasankamitvaa cattaaro Mahaa-raaje etad avoca: then / indeed / this / monk / towards / four / great-kings / that way / he approached / having approached / four / to the great-kings / this / he said Then, this monk approached the Four Great Kings and, drawing near, he said to them:
kattha nu kho āvuso ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathīdaṃ paṭhavī-dhātu āpo-dhātu tejo-dhātu vāyo-dhātū ti. where / do / indeed / friends / these / four / great elements / without remainder / cease / namely / earth-element / water-element / fire-element / air-element / (end-quote) "Friends, where do these four great elements, that is, the earth, water, fire, and air elements, cease without remainder?"
evaṃ vutte cattāro Mahā-rājā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etad avocuṃ: thus / said / four / great-kings / this / monk / thus / said When this was said, the Four Great Kings replied to this monk:
mayam pi kho, bhikkhu, na jānāma yatth' ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathīdaṃ paṭhavī-dhātu āpo-dhātu tejo-dhātu vāyo-dhātū. we / too / indeed / monk / not / we know / where / these / four / great elements / without remainder / cease / namely / earth-element / water-element / fire-element / air-element "Monk, we also do not know where these four great elements, that is, the earth, water, fire, and air elements, cease without remainder.
atthi kho bhikkhu Tāvatiṃsā nāma devā amhehi abhikkanta-tarā ca paṇīta-tarā ca. there are / indeed / monk / the thirty-three / named / devas / than us / advanced-more / and / excellent-more / and There are, monk, the Thirty-Three devas, who are more advanced and excellent than us.
te kho evaṃ jāneyyuṃ yatth' ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhantī ti. they / indeed / thus / would know / where / these / four / great elements / without remainder / cease / (end-quote) Indeed they would know where these four great elements cease without remainder."

[D.I.215-6 — xi.(Kevaddha).67-69]

English into Pali  

Then, following the ripening of that embryo, the geisha Saalavatii gave birth to a son (acc.). atha kho / paripākam-anvāya / tassa / gabbhassa / gaṇikā / Sālavatī / vijāyi / puttaṃ atha kho Sālavatī gaṇikā tassa gabbhassa paripākamanvāya puttaṃ vijāyi.
Then Saalavatii ordered a slave girl: "You there! After (express this simply by using gerunds) putting this boy into an old winnowing-basket (loc.) (and) taking him out throw (him) away on a rubbish heap." ... atha kho / gaṇikā / Sālavatī / āṇāpesi / dāsiṃ / handa je / pakkhipitvā / imaṃ / dārakaṃ / kattarasuppe / nīharitvā / chaḍḍehi / saṅkārakūṭe (iti) atha kho Sālavatī gaṇikā dāsiṃ āṇāpesi: handa je, imaṃ dārakaṃ kattarasuppe pakkhipitvā nīharitvā saṅkārakūṭe chaḍḍehīti. ...
At that time a son of the king (raajakumaaro) named Abhaya, going to the king's-audience just at the (right) time (dat.), saw that boy surrounded by crows. tena (kho pana) / samayena / rāja-kumāro / nāma / abhayo / gacchanto / rāj-upaṭṭhānaṃ / eva / kālassa / addasa / taṃ / dārakaṃ / samparikiṇṇaṃ / kākehi tena kho pana samayena abhayo nāma rājakumāro kālasseva rājupaṭṭhānaṃ gacchanto addasa taṃ dārakaṃ kākehi samparikiṇṇaṃ,
Having seen he asked people: "What (is) that, I say!, surrounded by crows?" disvāna / pucchi / manusse / kiṃ / etaṃ / bhaṇe / samparikiṇṇaṃ / kākehi (iti) disvāna manusse pucchi: kiṃ etaṃ, bhaṇe, kākehi samparikiṇṇanti?
"A boy, O king (title devo used in addressing a prince of the blood)." daarako / deva (iti) daarako, devaati.
"(Does he) live, I say!(?)" jīvati / bhaṇe (iti) jīvati, bhaṇeti?
"(He) lives, O king." jiivati / deva (iti) jiivati, devaati.
Ṅow! I say! having led that boy to our citadel give (him) to nurses to rear." ... tena hi / bhaṇe / netvā / taṃ / dārakaṃ / amhākaṃ / antepuraṃ / detha / dhātīnaṃ / posetuṃ (iti) tena hi, bhaṇe, taṃ dārakaṃ amhākaṃ antepuraṃ netvā dhātīnaṃ detha posetunti. ...
They made the name "Jiivaka" for him (thinking): "(he) lives"; akaṃsu / nāmaṃ / jīvako (iti) / tassa / jīvati (iti) tassa jīvatīti jīvakoti nāmaṃ akaṃsu.
they made the name "Komaarabhacca" (thinking): "(He) was caused to be reared by the prince." akaṃsu / nāmaṃ / komārabhacco (iti) / posāpito / kumārena (iti) kumārena posāpitoti 'komārabhacco'ti nāmaṃ akaṃsu.
Then Jiivaka Komaarabhacca soon attained ((p)pa-aap) discretion ... atha kho / jīvako / komārabhacco / na-cirass (eva) / pāpuṇi / viññutaṃ atha kho jīvako komārabhacco nacirasseva viññutaṃ pāpuṇi ...
Then he thought this: "These royal courts (are) not easy to live upon without-a-profession (ins.: 'with-a-non-profession'). atha kho / jīvakassa komārabhaccassa / ahosi / etad / imāni (kho) / rāja-kulāni / na / sukarāni / upajīvituṃ / asippena atha kho jīvakassa komārabhaccassa etadahosi: imāni kho rājakulāni na sukarāni asippena upajīvituṃ.
Supposing I were to learn (opt.) a profession?" yaṃnūna / ahaṃ sikkheyyaṃ / sippaṃ (iti) yaṃnūnāhaṃ sippaṃ sikkheyyanti.
Now at that time there dwelt (present tense) in Takkasilaa a doctor who-was-the-foremost-of-(all)-regions. pana (kho) / tena / samayena / paṭivasati / takkasilāyaṃ / vejjo / disā-pāmokkho tena kho pana samayena takkasilāyaṃ disāpāmokkho vejjo paṭivasati.
Then Jiivaka Komaarabhacca went away to Takkasilaa, atha (kho) / jiivako / komaarabhacco / (tena) pakkaami / yena / takkasilaa atha kho jiivako komaarabhacco yena takkasilaa tena pakkaami.
in due course approached Takkasilaa (and) that doctor, (and) having approached said this to that doctor: anupubbena / (tena) upasaṅkami / (yena) takkasilā / (yena) vejjo / upasaṅkamitvā / avoca / etad / taṃ / vejjaṃ anupubbena yena takkasilā, yena vejjo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ vejjaṃ etadavoca:
"O teacher, I wish to learn the profession." ... ācariya / ahaṃ / icchāmi / sikkhituṃ / sippaṃ (iti) icchāmahaṃ, ācariya, sippaṃ sikkhitunti. ...
Then Jiivaka grasped (present tense) much, grasped lightly ... atha (kho) / jīvako / komārabhacco / gaṇhāti / bahuṃ (ca) / gaṇhāti / lahuṃ (ca) atha kho jīvako komārabhacco bahuñca gaṇhāti lahuñca gaṇhāti ...
When seven (satta, inflect as pañca) years had passed Jīvaka thought this: (atha kho) / sattannaṃ / vassānaṃ / accayena / jīvakassa / komārabhaccassa / ahosi / etad atha kho jīvakassa komārabhaccassa sattannaṃ vassānaṃ accayena etadahosi:
"I indeed grasp much ... the end of this profession is not discerned, when will the end of this profession be discerned?" ahaṃ / kho / gaṇhāmi / bahuṃ (ca) / ... / anto / imassa / sippassa / na / paññāyati / kadā / anto / imassa / sippassa / paññāyissati (iti) ahaṃ kho bahuñca gaṇhāmi ... nayimassa sippassa anto paññāyati. kadā imassa sippassa anto paññāyissatīti.
Then Jiivaka approached that doctor ... atha (kho) / jīvako / komārabhacco / tenupasaṅkami / (yena) / so / vejjo atha kho jīvako komārabhacco yena so vejjo tenupasaṅkami ...
Ṅow! I say, Jīvaka, taking a gardener's-trowel (khaṇittī), wandering for a league on all sides of Takkasilā, whatever non-medicine you may see, bring that." tena hi / bhaṇe / jīvaka / ādāya / khaṇittiṃ / āhiṇḍitvā / yojanaṃ / samantā / takkasilāya / yaṃ kiñci / abhesajjaṃ / passeyyāsi / āharāti / taṃ tena hi bhaṇe jīvaka, khaṇittiṃ ādāya takkasilāya samantā yojanaṃ āhiṇḍitvā yaṃ kiñci abhesajjaṃ passeyyāsi taṃ āharāti.
"Yes, teacher" ... wandering (he) saw no non-medicine at all ... evaṃ / ācariya (iti) / ... / āhiṇḍanto / addasa / na / abhesajjaṃ / kiñci evaṃ, ācariyāti ... āhiṇḍanto na kiñci abhesajjaṃ addasa. ...
"... I saw no non-medicine at all." addasaṃ / na / abhesajjaṃ / kiñci (iti) na kiñci abhesajjaṃ addasanti.
"You have learned (p.p.+ asi), I say, O Jiivaka, sufficient for your livelihood!" asi susikkhito / bhaṇe / jīvaka / alaṃ (ettakaṃ) / te / jīvikāya (iti) susikkhitosi, bhaṇe jīvaka. alaṃ te ettakaṃ jīvikāyāti

[Vin.I.269-70 — Vinaya / Mahāvagga / Dutiyo bhāgo / 8 Cīvarakkhandhakaṃ 5-11 (202 Jīvakavatthu)]